数值地震预测的关键物理问题*

数值地震预测是地震物理研究中的一个重要课题,具有基础性的科学意义和潜在的应用价值.文章介绍了数值地震预测的三个关键物理问题——地震发生率与应力变化的关系、地震断层的摩擦函数、地球中应力的传递问题,讨论了这些问题的意义、研究现状和发展趋势.     

Regimes of frictional sliding of a spring-block system

In the context of rate-and-state friction, we revisit the crossover between the creep and inertial regimes in the dynamics of a spring-block system as observed and described in the dry friction experiment of Heslot et al. (1994) and Baumberger et al. (1994). We show that the transition between the quasi-static motion of a spring-block and its dynamic motion occurs at a lower sliding velocity than that which minimises the steady-state friction coefficient. We perform a weakly nonlinear stability analysis combined with numerical studies with the continuation package Auto. In particular, attention is focused on the change of nature the Hopf bifurcation from supercritical to subcritical, as observed by Heslot et al. Comparing the results obtained for different friction laws, we conclude that the weakly nonlinear analysis provides a possible criterion for distinguishing which friction laws may be physically relevant.     

谱元法数值模拟约束结构内炸药中应力波的传播

针对高速侵彻类战斗部在侵彻过程中的装药安定性以及在意外事故中的安全性问题,对约束结构内炸药在冲击加载下的应力波传播规律进行了模拟研究。计算了不同侵彻速度下弹体的冲击响应函数,并将具有高精度和低耗散特点的谱元法应用于约束结构内凝聚炸药中的应力波传播模拟;考虑炸药-金属界面的动摩擦特性,计算了冲击加载下由动摩擦引起的装药-壳体界面温升,以及装药内部的塑性功积累。成功地将谱元法应用于凝聚炸药中应力波传播过程的模拟,模拟结果对更准确地评估热点生成机制,以及进行装药安定性分析具有参考意义。     

Homogenization with the Quasistatic Tresca Friction Law:Qualitative and Quantitative Results

Modeling of frictional contacts is crucial for investigating mechanical performances of composite materials under varying service environments.The paper considers a linear elasticity system with strongly heterogeneous coefficients and quasistatic Tresca friction law,and studies the homogenization theories under the frameworks of H-convergence and small ε-periodicity.The qualitative result is based on H-convergence,which shows the original oscillating solutions will converge weakly to the homogen...